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Index

A

acceptance policies

effects of route reflection 4-10

understanding 4-8

add community 4-21
address resolution 1-2
Address Resolution Protocol 1-2
advertisement policies

effects on summarization 4-21

route reflection, effects of 4-10

understanding 4-9

all BGP policy 4-10
area, OSPF

authentication 3-5

displaying 3-11

NSSA 1-15, 3-10

route propagation 3-3, 3-6

transit 1-15, 3-6

area border router 1-16
ARP 1-2
asynchronous ports, setting OSPF 3-4
authentication, for OSPF 3-5
autonomous system

area border router 1-16

border router 1-16

fully meshed 1-21

router categories 1-16

subdividing into confederations 4-5

with multiple exit points to Internet, configuring 4-2

autonomous system confederation

B

backbone area 3-2
backbone as transit area 3-6
backbone router 1-16
backup designated router 1-17, 3-2
BGP

advanced configuration, required tasks 4-2

advantages, limitations 1-13

confederations 4-5

configuring 4-1

connection retry interval 4-22

defining clusters 4-5

directly attached route 1-22

displaying settings 4-23

hold time interval 4-22

IGP lockstep 4-21

keepalive timer 4-22

memory requirements 4-1

memory use 4-23

paths 1-20, 4-23

peers. See BGP peers

propagation. See route propagation

propagation filters 3-7

rebooting to enable 4-4

route reflectors 4-5

route summarizations 1-22

saving settings 4-4

simple configuration, required tasks 4-2

BGP configuration examples

confederations 4-54

easy-multihome, example 1 4-26

easy-multihome, example 2 4-30

easy-multihome, example 3 4-39

route reflectors 4-47

BGP peers 1-20

adding with easy-multihome 4-15, 4-16

adding with no policy 4-14

applying policies 4-15

clustering internal peers 4-5

displaying 4-23

interoperation through clustering 4-6

modifying attributes 4-15

modifying with easy-multihome 4-15, 4-16

using confederations to avoid being fully meshed 4-5

BGP policies

applying to peers 4-15

avoiding creation of complex rules 4-12

configuration examples 4-25

displaying 4-24

effects of route reflection 4-10

header portion 4-11

if portion 4-11

reserved policy all 4-10

then portion 4-11

to permit or deny route reflection 4-10

Border Gateway Protocol. See BGP

C

case studies

configuring subnets A-9

configuring the gateway A-7

configuring unnumbered interfaces A-12

host routing versus network routing A-4

propagating OSPF over a WAN link A-15

CIDR 1-13

netmask table 1-7

support for 1-8

classless interdomain routing. See CIDR
clusters

CMAS 1-21

configuration example 4-54

communities attribute

in acceptance policy 4-12

in advertisement policy 4-13

in injection policy 4-12

in route summarization 4-21

no change due to route reflection 4-10

community identifier 4-21
ComOS implementation of routing protocols 1-1
comparison of hosts and routers 1-2
confederation 1-21

confederation member autonomous system. See CMAS
connection retry interval 4-22
contact information xiii

mailing lists xiii

technical support xii

conventions in this guide xi
cost for OSPF

asynchronous or synchronous port 3-10

Ethernet interface 3-4

setting to enable a default route 3-11

D

dead time for OSPF 3-4, 3-10
debugging BGP 4-24
decision tree

for degree of preference 4-19

for local preference 4-20

for multiexit discriminator 4-18

default gateway 1-3, 1-9
default route for OSPF

degree of preference 4-9

decision tree 4-19

in acceptance policy 4-12

designated router 1-16, 3-2
destination host 1-1
distance-vector algorithm 1-13
document conventions xi
dynamic routing

E

easy-multihome routing method

configuration example with all policy 4-26, 4-30

configuration example with policies 4-39

Ethernet interface

setting OSPF 3-4

examples

BGP configuration 4-25

configuring subnets A-9

configuring the gateway A-7

configuring unnumbered interfaces A-12

host routing versus network routing A-4

OSPF configuration 3-12

propagating OSPF over a WAN link A-15

RIP configuration 2-2

F

filters

propagation filters 3-7, 4-6

propagation rules 3-7, 4-7

flags

route status 1-9

routing table 1-10

Frame Relay

interoperating with other vendors 3-11

OSPF handling 3-10

fully meshed BGP peers 1-21

avoiding through clusters 4-6

avoiding through confederations 4-5

G

gateway

configuring A-7

default, primary 1-9

H

hello interval for OSPF 3-4, 3-10
hold time interval for BGP 4-22
hop 1-1
hosts in routing 1-1

I

ICMP 1-8
ignore community restrictions in BGP route advertisement 4-13
IGP lockstep, setting 4-21
injection policies 4-9

interarea routes 1-17, 1-18
internal router 1-16
Internet Control Message Protocol 1-8
Internet Network Information Center. See InterNIC
InterNIC 1-18, 4-4
intra-area routes 1-17, 1-18
IP address as OSPF router ID 3-6

K

keepalive timer for BGP 4-22

L

link state advertisement. See LSA
local preference

decision tree 4-20

in advertisement policy 4-11, 4-13

in route summarization 4-19

no change due to route reflection 4-10

lockstep, setting 4-21
LSA 1-16, 3-11

displaying links 3-11

M

MAC address 1-2
mailing lists, subscribing to xiii
MD5 authentication for OSPF 3-5
media access control address 1-2
memory

displaying BGP use 4-23

requirements for BGP 4-1

requirements for OSPF 3-2

metrics

degree of preference. See degree of preference

for route translation 4-7

in then portion of a BGP policy 4-12

local preference. See local preference

multiexit discriminator. See multiexit discriminator

multicast address 1-16
multiexit discriminator

assigning in summarizations 4-17

decision tree 4-18

input in acceptance policy 4-12

no change due to route reflection 4-10

output in advertisement policy 4-13

preventing advertisement of 4-17

multihome configuration

with multiple exit points 4-2

N

Network Information Center. See InterNIC
network layer reachability information 1-20
next hop

displaying 4-23

no change due to route reflection 4-10

NIC. See InterNIC
NLRI 1-20
nonbroadcast multiaccess Frame Relay network, OSPF handling for 3-10
not-so-stubby area. See NSSA
NSSA 3-10

external route injection into 3-11

O

Open Shortest Path First protocol. See OSPF
OSPF

adjacencies 1-16

advantages, limitations 1-12

area border router 1-16

autonomous system 1-14

configuring 3-1

displaying information about 3-11

effect on route filters 3-9

instability with new router ID 3-6

interarea routes 1-17

intra-area routes 1-17

links, displaying 3-11

memory requirements 3-2

nonsupport of virtual links 3-3

propagation filters 3-7

resetting 3-1, 3-5

route cost rules 1-18

routes, types of 1-17

setting on interfaces 3-3

Type 1 external 1-17

Type 1 external routes 3-10

Type 2 external 1-17

Type 2 external routes 3-10

OSPF configuration examples

fully meshed Frame Relay 3-41

nonbroadcast multiaccess 3-18

nonbroadcast multiaccess multiple areas 3-28

point-to-multipoint partially meshed Frame Relay 3-53

propagating OSPF over a WAN link 3-12

OSPF router categories

backup designated router 3-2

designated router 3-2

P

paths in BGP 1-20
point-to-multipoint Frame Relay network, OSPF handling for 3-10, 3-11
PortMaster 3, BGP configuration 4-1
PortMaster routing table 1-8
propagation, route. See route propagation
proxy ARP 1-3

R

RADIUS routing 1-8
RARP 1-2
rebooting to enable BGP 4-4
references ix

replace community 4-21
resetting BGP 4-23
resetting OSPF 3-1
resetting route propagation filter rules 4-7
Reverse Address Resolution Protocol 1-2
RFC

RIP

advantages, limitations 1-11

effect on route filters 3-9

propagation filters 3-7

route propagation into OSPF 3-7

routing table entries 1-14

updates defined 1-13

RIP configuration examples

dial-in connection 2-9

routing with subnets 2-2

using proxy ARP 2-8

route injection

route precedence 1-22
route propagation

affected by BGP policies 4-9

changing filter rules 3-8, 4-7

external routes into OSPF 3-6

filter rules 3-7, 4-7

filters 3-7, 4-6

for OSPF 3-3, 3-6

OSPF routes 3-8

resetting filter rules 4-7

RIP routes into OSPF 3-7

static routes 3-8

router

designated 1-16

designated backup 1-17

route reflection 1-21
route reflector clients 4-5
route reflectors 4-5

configuration example 4-47

effects on BGP policies 4-10

router ID

for BGP route reflector cluster 4-6

router priority for OSPF 3-2
routes 1-9
route summarization 1-22

displaying for BGP 4-24

effects of advertisement policies 4-21

routing

BGP configuration examples 4-25

protocols, BGP-4 1-18

protocols, OSPF 1-14, 3-1

with a host 1-2

with a PortMaster 1-8

with a router 1-2

without VLSM 1-5

routing loops, avoiding 1-23
routing protocols

routing table 1-2

displaying for BGP 4-24

S

sending host 1-1
static routing

propagation filters 3-7

stub area

external route injection into 3-11

no external route propagation to 3-6

summarization, route. See route summarization
support, technical xii
synchronous ports, setting OSPF 3-4

T

technical support xii
transit area

propagating routes to 3-6

troubleshooting BGP 4-24
Type 1 external routes, OSPF 1-17, 3-10
Type 2 external routes, OSPF 1-17, 3-10

U

unicast address 1-16

V

variable-length subnet masks. See VLSM
virtual links in OSPF, nonsupport of 3-3
VLSM 1-4, 1-12

advantages of 1-5

compared to RIP 1-5

routing with 1-6

routing without 1-5

support for 1-8

W

WAN-as-stub point-to-multipoint Frame Relay network, OSPF handling for 3-11

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