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OSPF Routing 8
- This chapter describes the commands you use to configure the PortMaster when using the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) routing protocol. ComOS release 4.0 does not support dial-in and dial-out OSPF.
- See the PortMaster Routing Guide for OSPF configuration instructions and examples.
- Large OSPF routing tables might require the PortMaster to be upgraded to 4MB or 16MB of memory. See the PortMaster 4 Installation Guide for more information.
Note ¯
After making changes to an OSPF configuration, you must use the save all and reset ospf commands to ensure that the changes take effect and are retained after PortMaster reboots.
Displaying OSPF Information
- To display OSPF information on the console, use the following commands:
- show global--see page 2-28
- show memory--see page 2-32
- show propagation--see page 7-24
- ifconfig--see page 2-9, and this chapter
- show ospf areas
- show ospf links
- show ospf neighbors
- show routes
- For general information about using the command line interface, refer to Chapter 1, "Introduction."
Summary of OSPF Commands
- The OSPF commands summarized in Table 8-1 allow you to configure the PortMaster to use the OSPF IP routing protocol.
Table 8-1 OSPF Commands
Command Syntax
|
|
add ospf area Area
| - see page 8-3
|
add propagation Protocol(src) Protocol(dest) Metric Filtername
| - see page 7-3
|
add route Ipaddress[/NM] IPaddress(gw) Metric
| - see page 7-13
|
delete ospf area Area
| - see page 8-4
|
delete propagation Protocol(src) Protocol(dest)
| - see page 7-3
|
ifconfig
| - see page 2-9 and page 8-4
|
reset ospf
| - see page 8-5
|
reset propagation
| - see page 7-5
|
save ospf
| - see page 8-5
|
set default on|off|broadcast|listen
| - see page 7-16
|
set debug ospf on|off
| - see page 14-11
|
set Ether0 ospf accept-rip on|off
| - see page 8-6
|
set Ether0 ospf on|off [cost Number][hello-interval Seconds][dead-time Seconds]
| - see page 8-6
|
set Ether0|C0|S0|W1|user Username| location Locname route-filter in|out [Filtername]
| - see page 7-8
|
set S0|S10|W1 ospf on|off [cost Number] [hello-interval Seconds][dead-time Seconds][nbma|point-to-multipoint|wan-as-stub-ptmp]
| - see page 8-7
|
set ospf area Area external on|off
| - see page 8-9
|
set ospf area Area md5 Number String
| - see page 8-10
|
set ospf area Area nssa on|off
| - see page 8-10
|
set ospf area Area password String
| - see page 8-11
|
set ospf area Area range Prefix/NM [advertise|quiet|off]
| - see page 8-12
|
set ospf area Area stub-default-cost Number
| - see page 8-13
|
set ospf enable|disable
| - see page 8-13
|
set ospf priority Number
| - see page 8-14
|
set ospf router-id Ipaddress|Number
| - see page 8-15
|
show ospf areas
| - see page 8-15
|
show ospf links [router|network|summary|external|nssa]
| - see page 8-18
|
show ospf neighbor
| - see page 8-20
|
show propagation
| - see page 7-24
|
show routes [String|Prefix/NM]
| - see page 8-22
|
show table ospf
| - see page 8-15
|
OSPF Commands
- These commands are used for configuring OSPF routing protocol on the PortMaster. ComOS release 4.0 does not support dial-in and dial-out OSPF.
- The order of OSPF configuration is very important. First enable the use of OSPF on the PortMaster, then set priority (and router ID if desired), then set areas and ranges, and finally enable OSPF for the interfaces. See the PortMaster Routing Guide for more information.
add ospf area
- This command adds an area to the area tables of the router.
add ospf area Area
Area
| Area specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation. A 32-bit number.
|
- An OSPF area is a contiguous set of routers sharing network segments between them. Routers can be in more than one area, in which case they are area border routers. All routers must have at least one interface in area 0.0.0.0, known as the backbone area. Choose 0.0.0.0 if you have only one OSPF area.
Note ¯
Lucent does not currently support the use of virtual links either to create a noncontiguous area or to allow an area border router to be indirectly attached to the backbone.
- set ospf area range - page 8-12
delete ospf area
- This command deletes an area from the area table of the router.
delete ospf area Area
Area
| Area specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation. A 32-bit number.
|
ifconfig
- This command displays configuration values for all interfaces, and is described more fully on page 2-9. Examples of output are given here to illustrate how ifconfig shows OSPF state parameters for the interface, with the identity of the designated router (DR), backup designated router (BACKUP), and other (DROTHER) routers on the network.
ifconfig
Examples
1. In the following example this router is the designated router:
Command> ifconfig
ether0: flags=40106<IP_UP,IPX_DOWN,BROADCAST,PRIVATE,OSPF>
inet 192.168.200.131 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.200.0
area 192.168.200.0 ospf-state DR mtu 1500
2. In the following example this router is the backup designated router:
Command> ifconfig
ether0: flags=40016<IP_UP,IPX_DOWN,BROADCAST,OSPF>
inet 192.168.200.130 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.200.0
area 192.168.200.0 ospf-state BACKUP mtu 1500
3. In the following example this router is neither the designated router nor the backup designated router:
Command> ifconfig
ether0: flags=40106<IP_UP,IPX_DOWN,BROADCAST,PRIVATE,OSPF>
inet 192.168.200.129 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 192.168.200.0
area 192.168.200.0 ospf-state DROTHER mtu 1500
reset ospf
- This command recreates startup conditions with OSPF.
Caution ¯
Resetting OSPF can cause connections to be lost.
reset ospf
- Use this command to remove the old MD5 authentication key numbers and secrets, and reset all active neighbors to use the new key numbers and secrets. MD5 is the
Message-Di gest Algorithm from RSA Data Security, Inc., as defined in RFC 1321. You can also use this command to restart OSPF routing, allowing any configuration changes to take effect without a reboot of the PortMaster.
save ospf
- This command writes any changes in the OSPF area table configuration to the nonvolatile memory of the PortMaster.
save ospf
- The save all command can also be used, and is required if you want to save global OSPF information, such as the OSPF ID or the OSPF priority.
set Ether0 ospf accept-rip
- This command allows the propagation of RIP routes learned on this Ethernet interface into OSPF as Type 2 external routes.
set Ether0 ospf accept-rip on|off
Ether0
| Ethernet interface.
|
on
| Enables the propagation of RIP routes into OSPF .
|
off
| Disables the propagation of RIP routes into OSPF. This is the default.
|
- When routers run both RIP and OSPF on a network, the RIP routes learned from non-OSPF routers on a network can be translated into OSPF Type 2 external routes. Use this command when you need to enable the propagation of the learned RIP routes into OSPF areas.
- However, if the RIP routes learned from the Ethernet interface come from routers that are always running OSPF as well as RIP, leave this command set to the off default to avoid duplicating the route information.
set Ether0 ospf
- This command enables or disables the OSPF protocol and allows optional settings on an Ethernet interface.
set Ether0 ospf on|off [cost Number] [hello-interval Seconds]
[dead-time Seconds]
Ether0
| Ethernet interface. See page 4-3 for more information.
|
on
| Enables OSPF on the Ethernet interface.
|
off
| Disables OSPF on the Ethernet interface.
|
cost
| Cost of sending a packet on the interface. This value is also known as the link state metric. The range is 0 to 15. Lower-cost routes are preferred.
|
Number
| Assigned cost for the interface--a 16-bit number between 1 and 65535. The default is 1.
|
hello-interval Seconds
| Interval that must elapse between the transmission of hello packets on the interface. The range is 10 to 120 seconds; the default is 10 seconds.
|
dead-time Seconds
| Number of seconds the PortMaster waits after ceasing to receive a neighbor router's hello packets and before identifying the remote router as unreachable. The range is 40 to 1200 seconds; the default is 40 seconds.
|
- The order of OSPF configuration is important. First set priority (and router ID if desired), then set areas and ranges, and finally enable OSPF for the interfaces.
Note ¯
LMake sure you set the same cost value, hello-interval value, and dead-time value for all routers attached to a common network.
Example
Command> set ether0 ospf on cost 2 hello-interval 30 dead-time 90
Ether0 ospf state changed from off to on.
set S0|W1 ospf
- This command enables or disables the OSPF protocol and allows optional settings on any network hardwired port.
set S0|W1 ospf on|off [cost Number ] [hello-interval Seconds ] [dead-time Seconds ] [nbma|point-to-multipoint|wan-as-stub-ptmp]
Note ¯
Enter this command on one line, without any breaks. The line breaks shown here are due to the limited space available.
S0
| Asynchronous port or ISDN PRI port--configured as a network hardwired port.
|
W1
| Synchronous port--configured as a network hardwired port.
|
on
| Enables OSPF on the selected interface.
|
off
| Disables OSPF on the selected interface.
|
cost
| Cost of sending a packet on the interface--also known as the link state metric.
|
Number
| Assigned cost for the interface--a 16-bit number between 1 and 65535. The default is 1.
|
hello-interval Seconds
| Interval that must elapse between the transmission of hello packets on the interface. The range is 10 to 120 seconds; the default is 10 seconds.
|
dead-time Seconds
| Number of seconds the PortMaster waits after ceasing to receive a neighbor router's hello packets and before identifying the remote router as unreachable. The range is 40 to 1200 seconds; the default is 40 seconds.
|
nbma
| Optionally sets the port as the interface to a nonbroadcast multiaccess (NBMA) Frame Relay network that has full mesh connectivity and all routers on the Frame Relay running OSPF.
If you set the port to this value, a designated router is elected on the Frame Relay network, and overall OSPF traffic overhead is reduced.
This is the default behavior.
|
point-to-multipoint
| Optionally sets the port as the interface to a point-to-multipoint Frame Relay network. Use this setting when the Frame Relay network has partial mesh connectivity, or when all OSPF speakers on the network cannot communicate with each other.
If you set the port to this value, the partially meshed Frame Relay network is modeled as a series of point-to-point interfaces.
|
wan-as-stub-ptmp
| Optionally sets the port as the interface to a point-to-multipoint WAN-as-stub Frame Relay network. This setting works similarly to point-to-multipoint , but is used in cases when the PortMaster must interoperate with other-vendor equipment that implements a variant of point-to-multipoint .
If you set the port to this value, the Frame Relay network is advertised as a stub network in the router link state advertisement (LSA), as opposed to the standard host route.
|
- The order of OSPF configuration is very important. First set priority (and router ID if desired), then set areas and ranges, and finally enable OSPF for the interfaces.
- To determine whether to set the port as point-to-multipoint instead of nbma , use the show route command and the show ospf links command. If show routes displays no routes learned over the Frame Relay interface, and show ospf links displays a large number of routes that might be available, configure the interface as point-to-multipoint .
- To determine whether to set the port as point-to-multipoint or wan-as-stub-ptmp , use the show ospf links command to check the router LSAs of your neighbors on the Frame Relay network:
Example
Command> set w1 ospf on cost 2 hello-interval 30 dead-time 120 wan-as-stub-ptmp
W1 ospf state changed from off to on.
See Also
show ospf links - page 8-18
- show routes - page 8-22
set ospf area external
- This command allows the propagation of external routes into the OSPF area.
set ospf area Area external on|off
Area
| OSPF area address, specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation.
|
on
| Designates this area as a transit area.
|
off
| Designates this area as a stub area.
|
- This command lets you define an area as a transit or stub area. Typically, the backbone area (0.0.0.0) is always defined as a transit area.
- In contrast, a stub area does not attach to any area except the backbone, and has no exit other than to the backbone area. As a result, external routes are not propagated to stub areas, which must be given a default route to reach external destinations. Use the set ospf area stub-default-cost command to enable an area border router to create and inject default routes to stub areas.
Example
Command> set area 0.0.0.0 external off
Area successfully updated
See Also
set area nssa - page 8-10
set ospf area stub-default-cost - page 8-13
set ospf area md5
- This command sets the secret for the OSPF area using the Message-Digest Algorithm (MD5) from RSA Data Security, Inc., as defined in RFC 1321.
Caution ¯
Do not overwrite the current key number with the same number; doing so causes the secret to be lost immediately.
set ospf area Area md5 Number String
Area
| OSPF area address, specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation.
|
Number
| Key ID number associated with the MD5 secret. An integer from 1 to 255.
|
String
| MD5 secret; an ASCII string of 1 to 16 characters.
|
- All routers in the area must have the same key number that is associated with the MD5 secret.
- When an MD5 key number and secret are changed, both the old and the new key numbers and secrets remain valid until a PortMaster reboot or a reset ospf command is issued. This feature facilitates the updating of area router information.
set ospf area nssa
- This command sets an OSPF area as a not-so-stubby area (NSSA), defined in RFC 1587.
set ospf area Area nssa on|off
Area
| Address of the OSPF area being configured, specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation.
|
on
| Sets the OSPF area as an NSSA.
|
off
| Disables the area as an NSSA.
|
- NSSAs are very similar to stub areas, except that Type 1 and Type 2 external routes can be learned from them. Any external routes learned from an NSSA are translated into Type 1 and Type 2 external routes for the backbone area or other areas that accept external routes. Like stub areas, default costs can be set for NSSAs, and external routes are not advertised into NSSAs.
- set area stub-default-cost - page 8-13
set ospf area password
- This command sets the password for the OSPF area.
set ospf area Area password String
Area
| OSPF area address, specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation.
|
String
| Password; an ASCII string of from 1 to 8 characters.
|
- This command sets a password or key to use when you are communicating to other routers in the area. Not specifying a password indicates that no password is set for the area.
set ospf area range
- This command sets the ranges of network addresses that define an OSPF area and, optionally, the type of route propagation.
set ospf area Area range Prefix/NM [advertise|quiet|off]
Area
| OSPF area address, specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation.
|
Prefix
| IP prefix shared by all IP addresses within the range.
|
/NM
| Netmask that indicates the number of high-order bits in an IP address that must match those in Prefix for the address to belong within the area. The netmask value is a number from 1 to 30--for example, /24.
|
advertise
| Summarizes routes to the networks within the range and propagates them to other areas. This is the default.
|
quiet
| Does not summarize or propagate routes to the networks within the range.
|
off
| Removes this range from the area.
|
- This command is used on an area border router. When you use the advertise keyword, a summary link is propagated for that range. If you use the quiet keyword, the summary link is not propagated. You can add multiple ranges for an area by including them in a single command, as shown in the example.
- The maximum number of ranges for a single area supported by the PortMaster 4 is 8 if you are running ComOS 4.0 and 16 if you are running ComOS 4.1.
Note ¯
Make sure that the ranges set with this command include the addresses for all PortMaster interfaces within this OSPF area.
Example
Command> set ospf area 0.0.0.0 range 192.168.1.0/24 range 192.168.200.0/24
Area successfully updated
set ospf area stub-default-cost
- This command enables an area border router to create and advertise the default route (0.0.0.0) in a stub area or a not-so-stubby area (NSSA).
set ospf area Area stub-default-cost Number
Area
| Address of the OSPF area being configured--specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation.
|
Number
| Cost given to the default stub or NSSA route. This value is an integer from 0 to 15. Lower-cost routes are preferred. Setting Number to 0 disables the command.
|
- Stub areas of an autonomous system can be defined with the set ospf area external off command. NSSAs can be defined with the set ospf area nssa on command. External advertisements are not injected into stub areas or NSSAs, and routing to external destinations is based on a default route for each stub area or NSSA. This command enables area border routers to inject the required default route into a stub area or NSSA, but no further.
Example
Command> set area 0.0.0.0 stub-default-cost 4
Area successfully updated
See Also
set ospf area external - page 8-9
- set ospf area nssa - page 8-10
set ospf enable|disable
- This command enables or disables the use of OSPF on the PortMaster.
Note ¯
You must issue the save all and reboot commands immediately after issuing the set ospf enable command, before you can continue with any other OSPF configuration.
set ospf enable|disable
enable
| Enables the use of OSPF on the PortMaster.
|
disable
| Disables the use of OSPF on the PortMaster and frees the system memory used by OSPF, after the next reboot. This is the default.
|
- OSPF must be enabled with this command before OSPF can be configured or used on the PortMaster.
set ospf priority
- This command sets the OSPF priority used to determine the designated and backup routers.
set ospf priority Number
Number
| Number from 0 to 255. Choosing 0 means that this router cannot be assigned as a designated router at any time. 0 is the default.
|
- The priority must be set for each PortMaster running OSPF. If priorities tie, the router ID is used as a tie breaker, with the lower-number ID selected.
- The router with the highest priority on a network segment becomes the designated router. This calculation is performed on each interface separately. For example, the router might be the designated router on Ether0, but not on Ether1. The router with the second highest priority on a network segment is chosen as the backup designated router. The backup designated router takes over as designated router if the designated router is unable to perform its duties.
set ospf router-id
- This command sets the OSPF router address or ID number.
set ospf router-id Ipaddress|Number
Ipaddress
| The OSPF router address, specified in decimal or dotted decimal notation. If the router address is set to 0.0.0.0, it defaults to the router's Ethernet address.
|
Number
| A 32-bit number in decimal format. If the router address is set to 0, it defaults to the router's Ethernet address.
|
-
The PortMaster 4 propagates OSPF neighbor information as all zeroes when Ether0 has no IP address configured. Use the set ospf router-id command to ensure that correct information is propagated.
- You must use the save all and reboot commands for the settings to take effect.
Caution ¯
Be careful when using this feature. When you set a new router ID, the links belonging to an old router ID might take as long as 1 hour to expire, and routing instability can result during the expiration period.
Example
Command> set ospf router-id 192.168.1.1
OSPF router-id changed from 0.0.0.0 to 192.168.1.1
This change will take effect on the next reboot, if a `save global' or
`save all' command issued before then.
See Also
set ospf priority - page 8-14
show ospf areas
- This command shows information on the configured OSPF areas.
show ospf areas
show table ospf
- The command show table ospf generates the same result as show ospf areas .
Examples
1. This example shows information on a transit area (External Routes = Yes ) with simple password authentication and MD5 secret of abcd.
Command> show ospf areas
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Authentication
|
| Stub
|
Area
| Network Range
| Type
| ID
| Key
| External Routes
| DefaultCost
|
-----------
| ---------------
| ---------
| ---
| ------
| --------
| -------
|
192.168.96.0
| 192.168.96.0/24
| Password
|
| abcd
| Yes
| N/A
|
| 172.16.1.0/24
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 192.168.1.0/24
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. This example shows information on a stub area (External Routes = No ) with an MD5 secret of defg , a key ID of 15 , a default route 0.0.0.0 , and a cost of 3 being injected into the stub area.
Command> show ospf areas
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Authentication
|
| Stub
|
Area
| Network Range
| Type
| ID
| Key
| External Routes
| DefaultCost
|
-----------
| ---------------
| --------
| ---
| ------
| --------
| -------
|
192.168.97.0
| 192.168.97.0/24
| MD5
| 15
| defg
| No
| 3
|
| 172.16.1.0/24
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 192.168.1.0/24
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. This example shows information on a stub area with no default route, a current MD5 secret of defg , and an MD5 key ID of 15 being injected into the stub area. This router has learned of two other keys since the last reset ospf or reboot command: key ID 5 with a secret of oldkey , and key ID 3 with a secret of olderkey .
Command> show ospf areas
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Authentication
|
| Stub
|
Area
| Network Range
| Type
| ID
| Key
| External Routes
| DefaultCost
|
-----------
| ---------------
| -------
| ---
| --------
| --------
| -------
|
192.168.97.0
| 192.168.97.0/24
| MD5
| 15
| defg
| No
| Not Set
|
| *172.16.1.0/24
| MD5
| 5
| oldkey
|
|
|
| *192.168.1.0/24
| MD5
| 3
| olderkey
|
|
|
4. This example shows information on a not-so-stubby area (NSSA) with no default route, a current MD5 secret of research , and an MD5 key ID of 2 .
Command> show ospf areas
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Authentication
|
| Stub
|
Area
| Network Range
| Type
| ID
| Key
| Area Type
| DefaultCost
|
-----------
| ---------------
| ------
| ---
| --------
| --------
| -------
|
192.168.32.0
| *192.168.32.0/24
| MD5
| 2
| research
| NSSA
| Not set
|
Explanation
Area
| Configured area.
|
Network Range
| The list of network ranges configured for the area. The list corresponds to entries given in the set ospf area range command (see page 8-12). An asterisk (*) in front of a network range shows that the range is active --indicating that one or more networks learned via OSPF intra-area routes fall into that range. The range, therefore, is supported by those networks and can be advertised as an interarea route to other OSPF areas.
|
Authentication:
| Type
| Type of authentication: password or MD5.
|
| ID
| Key ID number for the MD5 authentication.
|
| Key
| The password or MD5 secret used to authenticate with neighbors in this area. See the set ospf area password command on page 8-11, and the set ospf area md5 command on page 8-10.
|
External Routes
| Indicates if external routes are flooded into this area. A No value indicates that the area is a stub area. A Yes value indicates that the area is a transit area. See the set ospf area external command on page 8-9.
|
Stub Default Cost
| The cost given to the stub route.
|
show ospf links
- This command shows a summary of the OSPF database with one line per link state advertisement (LSA). By default, router links, network links, summary links, NSSA links, and external links are listed in summary form. For more detailed information use the options separately.
show ospf links [router|network|summary|external|nssa]
router
| Provides more detail for router links.
|
network
| Provides more detail for network links.
|
summary
| Provides more detail for summary links.
|
external
| Provides more detail for external links.
|
nssa
| Provides more detail for NSSA external links.
|
Example
Command> show ospf links
|
|
|
|
|
Router Links for Area 0.0.0.0
|
|
|
|
|
Link ID
| Advertising Router
| Sequence
| TOS
| Ext
| Age
|
|
------------
| -----------------
| ------------
| ----
| ----
| ----
|
|
192.168.1.2
| 192.168.1.2
| 0x8000009d
| No
| Yes
| 459
|
|
192.168.16.6
| 192.168.16.6
| 0x800000b9
| No
| Yes
| 672
|
|
192.168.1.30
| 192.168.1.30
| 0x800000c5
| No
| Yes
| 1709
|
|
192.168.1.31
| 192.168.1.31
| 0x800000b8
| No
| Yes
| 398
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Network Links for Area 0.0.0.0
|
|
|
|
|
Link ID
| Advertising Router
| Sequence
| TOS
| Ext
| Age
| Mask
|
------------
| -----------------
| ------------
| ----
| ----
| ----
| -----
|
192.168.1.30
| 192.168.1.30
| 0x800000d8
| No
| Yes
| 1641
| 24
|
192.168.16.2
| 192.168.1.31
| 0x80000e49
| No
| Yes
| 755
| 24
|
192.168.96.2
| 192.168.1.30
| 0x80000085
| No
| Yes
| 1641
| 24
|
Summary Links from others for Area 0.0.0.0
|
|
|
|
|
Link ID
| Advertising Router
| Sequence
| TOS
| Ext
| Age
| Mask
|
-------------
| ----------------
| ------------
| ----
| ----
| ----
| -----
|
192.168.64.19
| 192.168.1.64
| 0x80000f2a
| No
| No
| 305
| N/A
|
192.168.64.100
| 192.168.1.64
| 0x80000f19
| No
| No
| 305
| N/A
|
192.168.32.0
| 192.168.1.32
| 0x80000f08
| No
| No
| 1118
| 24
|
192.168.64.0
| 192.168.1.64
| 0x80000c2f
| No
| No
| 614
| 24
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Summary Links from ourself for Area 0.0.0.0
|
|
|
|
|
Link ID
| Advertising Router
| Sequence
| TOS
| Ext
| Age
| Mask
|
-------------
| ----------------
| ------------
| ----
| ----
| ----
| -----
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
External Links for All Areas
|
|
|
|
|
Link ID
| Advertising Router
| Sequence
| TOS
| Ext
| Age
| Mask
|
-------------
| ----------------
| ------------
| ----
| ----
| ----
| -----
|
0.0.0.0
| 192.168.1.3
| 0x80000ab1
| No
| Yes
| 1001
| 0
|
192.168.132.0
| 192.168.1.32
| 0x800002f2
| No
| Yes
| 263
| 24
|
199.173.157.0
| 192.168.1.32
| 0x800002f2
| No
| Yes
| 884
| 24
|
192.168.23.0
| 192.168.1.6
| 0x80000a30
| No
| Yes
| 392
| 24
|
10.0.0.0
| 192.168.1.30
| 0x800001ad
| No
| Yes
| 478
| 8
|
Explanation
Link ID
| For router links, the value in this column identifies the router address. For network links, this value identifies the designated router address. For summary and external links, this value identifies the network address advertised by the route that those links represent.
|
Advertising Router
| OSPF router ID of the router that originated the link state advertisement.
|
Sequence
| Link state sequence number used to detect old and duplicate link state advertisements (LSAs). Typically, the larger the sequence number, the newer the advertisement. When a router is rebooted, it might receive its old advertisements that are still known to other routers. If so, the router then brings its neighbors up-to-date by flooding the network with a new advertisement that has a sequence number larger than the number used in the old LSAs.
|
TOS
| Type of service
Yes --This router supports TOS. No --This router does not support TOS.
Currently only the TOS 0 metric is supported.
For more information on TOS-based routing, see RFC 1349 and RFC 2328.
|
Ext
| External--indicates if external advertisements are to be flooded into the area.
|
Age
| Age of the LSA links in seconds. Links age out in 1 hour (3600 seconds), unless they are refreshed with a new (larger) sequence number.
|
Mask
| Netmask for the Link ID.
|
show ospf neighbors
- This command shows information about routers directly accessible through your network interfaces.
show ospf neighbors
-
The PortMaster 4 propagates OSPF neighbor information as all zeroes when Ether0 has no IP address configured. Use the set ospf router-id command to ensure that correct information is propagated.
Example
Command> show ospf neighbors
|
|
|
|
|
|
Interface
| Area
| Neighbor
| State
| Pri
| IP Address
| Last Hello
| MD5 ID
|
---------
| ----------
| -----------
| --------
| ---
| -----------
| -----
| ----
|
ether0
| 192.168.1.0
| 192.168.1.1
| 2Way
| 0
| 192.168.1.1
| 9
| N/A
|
ether1
| 10.0.0.0
| 10.0.0.1
| Full/DR
| 2
| 10.0.0.1
| 3
| 2
|
Explanation
Interface
| Interface used to learn about the neighbor.
|
Area
| Area to which the interface belongs.
Router ID of the neighboring router. This ID might not match the neighboring router's IP address.
|
Neighbor
|
State
| OSPF state of the neighbor. The possible states follow:
|
| Down
| Either the link to the neighbor is down, or this router is currently not receiving hello packets from the neighbor.
|
| Init
| The connection with this neighbor has been reset, and this router has received no answering hello packet from the neighbor to indicate that the neighbor has received a hello packet from this router.
|
| 2Way
| This router received a hello packet from the neighbor that indicates the neighbor has received a hello packet from this router.
|
| Exstart
| The router is beginning to form an adjacency with this neighbor. This state occurs only between a designated router (DR) or backup designated router (BDR) and the other routers on the network segment they service. Neighbors that are neither designated routers nor backup designated routers never advance beyond the 2Way state with each other.
|
| Exchange
| The router is exchanging current LSA information with the neighbor.
|
| Loading
| The router and the neighbor have finished exchanging information and are updating each other with the LSAs they need to share.
|
| Full
| One of the following three states indicating that the router and the neighbor are now up-to-date with each other, sharing fully identical LSA information:
|
|
| Full --This neighbor is not a designated router or backup designated router.
|
|
| Full/DR --This neighbor is the designated router.
|
|
| Full/BDR --This neighbor is the backup designated router.
|
|
| See the examples of using the ifconfig command on page 8-4 to show a designated router or backup designated router.
|
Pri
|
| Stated priority of the neighbor.
|
IP Address
|
| IP address of the neighbor. This value might not match the router ID.
|
Last Hello
|
| Time in seconds that has elapsed since the router last received a hello packet from the neighbor.
|
MD5 ID
|
| A neighbor can be using one of many MD5 secrets. This field shows the ID of the corresponding MD5 secret that is being used by the neighbor. See the set ospf area md5 command on page 8-10 for more information.
|
show routes
- This command shows the IP routing table. See the information on routing tables in the PortMaster Routing Guide .
show routes [String|Prefix/NM]
String
| Displays only routes that contain the matching String. For example, show routes ospf shows only routes that contain the matching string ospf in a search of the route database.
|
Prefix/NM
| Displays routes only to the destination indicated by this IP address prefix Prefix and netmask NM. The netmask indicates the number of high-order bits in the IP prefix.
· Specify Prefix in dotted decimal notation.
· Specify NM as number from 1 to 32, preceded by a slash (/)--for example, /24.
|
Example
Command> show routes ospf
|
|
|
|
|
Destination
| Mask
| Gateway
| Source
| Flag
| Met
| Interface
|
------------
| -----
| --------------
| -------
| -----
| ----
| ----------
|
192.168.96.0
| 32
| 172.31.96.2
| ospf/E2
| HD
| 4
| ether0
|
192.168.133.0
| 24
| 172.31.96.2
| ospf/IA
| ND
| 3
| ether0
|
192.168.32.0
| 32
| 172.31.96.2
| ospf
| HD
| 3
| ether0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Explanation
Destination
| IP address of the host or network to which packets are sent.
|
Mask
| Netmask in use for the destination.
|
Gateway
| IP address of the directly connected host through which packets are forwarded to the destination.
|
Source
| Source of the route information:
|
| local
| Route learned from an interface on the PortMaster.
|
| rip
| RIP route learned from a connected network.
|
| ospf
| OSPF route learned from an internal neighbor.
|
| ospf/E1 ospf/E2
| OSPF route learned from Type 1 external or Type 2 external routes.
|
| ospf/N1 ospf/N2
| OSPF route learned as Type 1 external or Type 2 external routes from not-so-stubby areas (NSSAs).
|
| ospf/IA
| OSPF route originating from another area and learned via an area border router.
|
| bgp/D
| BGP route for the default network (network 0).
|
| bgp/E
| BGP route learned from an external neighbor.
|
| bgp/I
| BGP route learned from an internal neighbor.
|
| temp
| Route learned from RADIUS. Removed from the routing table when the user logs off.
|
Flag
|
· H --A host route.
· N --A network route.
· S --A static route--that is either configured (permanent) or learned via a RADIUS Framed-Route (temporary).
· L --A route attached to an interface on the PortMaster.
· D --A route dynamically learned via RIP or OSPF.
· C --A changed route that has yet to be advertised to all interfaces.
· O --An obsolete route scheduled for deletion.
|
Met
| Metric--hop count to the remote destination.
|
Interface
| Interface used for forwarding packets to the gateway for the destination.
|
-
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