It's been our experience that higher connect rates are more likely to
cause the modem to choke on such errors.
To answer the intent of the original question, line conditions are
generally responsible for them. The calling modem and will see these
errors, and it is responsible for requesting a retrain or renegotiation.
Some modems tend to connect at overly optimistic speeds, see lots of
errors as a result, and renegotiate to a lower speed. However, then they
think they can operate at a higher speed, so they renegotiate back up.
Then they see errors again, and go back down, and continue this up and
down cycle indefinitely. I've seen connections with 200+ renegotiations.
If you're seeing tons of renegotiations, throttle down the maximum connect
rate to something reasonable, then nudge it up until it becomes unstable.
Check http://www.808hi.com/56k/x2-linklimit.htm for specific instructions
on how to do this with a variety of modem types.
-James
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